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| 1816 |
| | | René Laënnec, reluctant to press his ear to the chest of a young female patient, finds a solution in the stethoscope | |
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| 1828 |
| | | William Burke and William Hare murder 16 victims and sell their bodies to the Edinburgh Medical School for anatomical study | |
|  | Execution of William Burke
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1832 |
| | | The USA suffers the first of several cholera epidemics, spanning the sixty years to 1892 | |
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| 1846 |
| | | A dentist in Boston, William Morton, uses ether as an anaesthetic while surgeon John Collins Warren removes a tumour in a patient's neck | |
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| 1847 |
| | | Scottish obstetrician James Simpson uses anaesthetic (ether, and later in the year choloroform) to ease difficulty in childbirth | |
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| 1847 |
| | | James Young Simpson is the first to deliver a baby (christened Anaesthesia) using chloroform | |
|  | First child born under anaesthesia
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1851 |
| | | German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope, making it possible for a doctor to examine the inside of a patient's eye | |
|  | Principle of Helmholtz's ophthalmoscope
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1853 |
| | | The hypodermic syringe with a plunger is simultaneously developed in France and in Scotland | |
|  | Alexander Wood's hypodermic syringe
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1854 |
| | | William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine | |
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| 1854 |
| | | English physician John Snow proves that cholera is spread by infected water (from a pump in London's Broad Street) | |
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